Gansu cuisine, or Long cuisine, hails from the rugged landscapes and diverse cultural tapestry of Gansu province in China. Not to be confused with its more populous neighbors, Gansu stands out with its unique blend of flavors and culinary traditions.
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Gansu: The Heart of the Silk Road
All Photo: Credit to the Righful Owner
Situated in the northwest of China, Gansu is not only a historical crossroads but also a melting pot of different culinary influences. With a population of around 26 million and a rapidly growing economy, Gansu has a rich heritage shaped by its role as a key part of the ancient Silk Road. This province boasts historical treasures like the Mogao Caves, the Jiayuguan Pass, and the vibrant cultural hub of Lanzhou.
Gansu Cuisine
Gansu cuisine is celebrated across China, renowned for its bold flavors and unique ingredients. Known primarily for its noodles, Gansu also offers a variety of dishes featuring beef and mutton, reflecting the region’s nomadic influences. The cuisine is characterized by its simplicity in ingredients but complex, layered flavors, often incorporating local spices and traditional cooking methods.
Bordering seven provinces and regions, Gansu’s cuisine draws from a wide array of influences, from the spicy flavors of Sichuan to the hearty, rustic dishes of Inner Mongolia. While Lanzhou is the culinary heart of Gansu, cities like Tianshui, Zhangye, and Wuwei each contribute their own local specialties to the province’s diverse food scene.
Top 7 Must-Try Dishes of Gansu Cuisine
Having already explored the culinary delights of Lanzhou, we will highlight some lesser-known gems from across the province. Of course, some classic dishes will make the list, given their importance and popularity.
In the interest of authenticity, I’ve only included dishes I’ve personally tried. This list will undoubtedly grow as I continue my culinary journey through Gansu.
Lanzhou Beef Noodles
A staple that needs no introduction, Lanzhou beef noodles are famous throughout China. Known for their hand-pulled noodles, rich beef broth, and signature red chili oil, this dish is a must-try for any visitor to Gansu.
Niangpi
A cold noodle dish popular in summer, Niangpi features thick, chewy noodles made from wheat or rice flour, dressed with a tangy and spicy vinegar sauce, and often garnished with cucumber and garlic.
Gansu Roasted Lamb
A nod to the region’s nomadic past, Gansu roasted lamb is seasoned with cumin and other local spices, then slow-roasted until tender. It’s a dish that encapsulates the rugged spirit of the Gansu landscape.
Lamb Dumplings
These delicate dumplings are filled with minced lamb and a blend of spices, then steamed to perfection. They’re a popular street food snack in cities like Lanzhou and Tianshui.
Yellow River Carp
A specialty from the region around the Yellow River, this dish features fresh carp braised in a savory and slightly sweet sauce, often with soy sauce, ginger, and garlic. The tender fish absorbs the rich flavors beautifully.
Potato and Pepper Stir-Fry
A simple yet flavorful dish, this stir-fry combines thinly sliced potatoes with green peppers and a touch of chili for heat. It’s a perfect example of how Gansu cuisine transforms humble ingredients into culinary delights.
Lamb and Bread Soup (Yangrou Paomo)
A hearty dish that originated from Xi’an but is equally beloved in Gansu, Yangrou Paomo consists of lamb soup with crumbled flatbread. The bread soaks up the savory broth, creating a comforting and satisfying meal.
Drinks of Gansu Cuisine
No meal is complete without a refreshing drink to accompany it. In Gansu, suan mei tang (sour plum drink) is a traditional favorite, offering a tangy, cooling contrast to the region’s often hearty and spicy dishes. For those looking for something with a kick, Gansu produces its own distinctive baijiu, a potent Chinese spirit.
Beer enthusiasts can enjoy Gansu’s local brews, like Huanghe (Yellow River) Beer, which offers a refreshing taste that pairs well with the region’s bold flavors. And of course, there’s Bing Fun, Gansu’s answer to the world of carbonated soft drinks.
The Essence of Gansu Cuisine
Gansu cuisine is a vibrant tapestry of flavors and traditions, reflecting the province’s rich history and diverse cultural influences. From the bustling streets of Lanzhou to the quiet corners of rural villages, the food of Gansu offers a journey through time and taste that is not to be missed. So next time you’re in China, take a detour to Gansu and let your taste buds explore the best this unique region has to offer.
For more on regional Chinese cuisine, check out our review of Shaanxi street food. And if you’re looking to explore Gansu in depth, consider a tour with Young Pioneer Tours.